CHONDROMALACIA PATELLA: CURRENT OPTIONS AND NEW CELL THERAPIES

Abstract

Chondromalacia patella (CP), also known as runner's knee, typically occurs in young patients and is characterized by anterior knee pain (AKP) that is associated with visible changes in the patellar cartilage. Initial pathological changes include softening of the cartilage, swelling and edema. CN is caused by several factors, including trauma, increased cartilage vulnerability, patellar and femoral instability, anatomical changes in bone, abnormal patellar kinematics, and occupational hazards. CN may be reversible or may progress with the development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Wasting of the quadriceps muscle, patellofemoral crunch, and effusion are obvious clinical signs. In addition, X-ray examinations are also necessary for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that promises to have the unique ability to potentially identify cartilage lesions. Treatments for cartilage lesions in the PF joint have traditionally been proposed, but none have become the gold standard for either alleviating symptoms and function or preventing OA degeneration. Recently, researchers have focused on cartilage-targeted therapies. Various efforts, including cell therapy and tissue regeneration of cartilage, represent a promising regimen, especially using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Intra-articular injections of MSCs from various sources are considered safe and useful for the treatment of CN, with improved clinical parameters, less invasiveness , symptomatic relief, and reduced inflammation. The mechanism of MSC administration remains the subject of further clinical research and is extremely promising for the treatment of PCC. This brief review examines the etiology, MRI diagnosis, and treatment of CN, especially treatment with cell therapy.