THE ROLE OF RADIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RARE FORMS OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES IN NEWBORNS

Abstract

Introduction. Interstitial lung diseases in newborns, associated with a diffuse disorder of lung development, represent a complex diagnostic task, since they are rare conditions, form in the early stages of embryonic development, and clinically manifest in the first hours of life as severe respiratory distress syndrome of newborns. Target. Reflect the role of radiation research methods and the difficulties of differential diagnosis of rare forms of interstitial lung diseases associated with diffuse impairment of lung development. Materials and methods. Clinical cases of congenital alveolar dysplasia and alveolar-capillary dysplasia with abnormal location of the pulmonary veins are described in detail. Data from radiological research methods, confirmed by histological studies, are presented. Results. Specific changes in interstitial lung diseases in newborns associated with diffuse impairment of lung development are not determined by radiography in the first day of life, but progressive negative dynamics are noted. Computed tomography of the lungs allows for a detailed diagnosis of structural changes in the lung parenchyma, their severity and extent. Issues of differential diagnosis of diffuse disorders of lung development in newborns are discussed; Our own results correlate with literature data. Conclusion. Currently, histological examination is the “gold standard” in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases associated with diffuse disorders of lung development in newborns, but is most often performed at autopsy. The role of radiation methods in the algorithmic diagnostic approach is increasing due to accumulated data and improved quality of detection and recognition of rare variants of interstitial lung diseases in newborns according to computed tomography of the chest.